Essay on The Marxist Crime Perspective of Conflict Theory

Introduction Countless studies from respected sociologists, criminologists, and psychologists have suggested several theories as to why juvenile delinquency exists. The theory this paper uses to explain for juvenile delinquency is the Marxist perspective of the Conflict Theory. What this paper seeks to achieve is to show how this theory is conceptualized, how it causes juvenile delinquency particularly for African Americans, statistics on African American juveniles, and why it could lead to a life of crime as juveniles transition into adulthood. In addition to this, the government will be examined on how it uses the legal system, law enforcement, and certain officials to control most of the population and contribute to this problem.†¦show more content†¦According to Onwudiwe (2004), coercive forces against lower class workers on their jobs causes negative effects such as stress, anger, and contempt which they bring back at home and ultimately affects their families, thus leading to juven ile delinquency. Jobs are the means of the working class to acquire the basic necessary resources to survive such as food, water, and shelter for their families. According to Quinney (1977), when the lower classes are unable to earn an honest day’s work or lose their job, after a period of time, they finally break down from all this pressure and resort to crime, to support themself and their loved ones. Children seeing the struggles of their parents then follow in their footsteps leading to juvenile delinquency and later as adults, become more susceptible to crime. Allen, Latessa, and Ponder (2010) theorize that a juvenile delinquent is a child that has committed a criminal act that if committed by an adult would be punished. The child’s behavior, under the law, would subject those children to the juvenile court and become a ward of the court, subject to its discretion. Allen et al (2010) propose that there were three categories of juveniles which are: status offenders who are offenders that violated some regulation which an adult would not be punished for; children who committed crimes who would be punished if an adult had committed them; and finally unruly juveniles who have proved unmanageable by the family or courtShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism and Marxism: Sociological Perspectives Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesSociological Concepts and Perspectives: Functionalism and Marxism In this essay I am going to compare and contrast Functionalism and Marxism. They are both sociological perspectives which have theories about society and the people that live within it. They attempt to explain how society influences people, and similarly how people influence society. However, the two perspectives are clearly different. Functionalism is a macro system theory which sees society as a mega structure of linked socialRead MoreEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance1201 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Synopticity - Crime Deviance sociological theory Marxist explanations of crime and deviance, like their work on other areas like the family and education, rest on an economic and structural analysis of society that sees a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This struggle comprises the attempts by the proletariat to free themselves from the domination of the bourgeoisieRead MoreCompare and contrast two main sociological theories of crime and deviance.1636 Words   |  7 Pagesmain sociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies, in some way, from a social norm.  Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people.  This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and toRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Crime And Deviance1696 Words   |  7 Pagescentury and was one of the first to develop and explain a conflict perspective on how society functions, he was a liberal reformist who had more radical views about the origins of crime and deviance. He became popular in the US and UK during the 1970’s. Like many radical criminologists, he developed the perspective of the conflict theory that explained how some social interactions result in to conflict and how individuals engage in conflict daily to gain mor e social wealth and resources. As some groupsRead MoreMarxist And Conflict Theories Of Deviance Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesMarxist and Conflict Theories of Deviance The theorists discussed in this chapter surroung Marxist and conflict theories do not always agree on all the views of their theories, they come from the same social constructionist or relativist perspective. Social construction is referred to as a theory of knowledge in sociology and communications theory that examines the development of cooperatively constructed understandings of the world. There are two general ways in which theories differ from eachRead MoreW.E.B Dubois’ Theory on the â€Å"Double Consciousness† Conflict/Radical Marxist Theory as It Applies to the Novel – a Lesson Before Dying1462 Words   |  6 PagesLIT 327 W.E.B DuBois’ Theory on the â€Å"Double Consciousness† Conflict/Radical Marxist Theory as it applies to the Novel – A Lesson Before Dying DuBois’ theory on the â€Å"Double Consciousness† states, â€Å"After the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world,--a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of theRead MoreCrime And Deviance Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesCrime can be defined as ‘An action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law’ (Oxford Dictionary, 2017). It’s the violation of a written law that is set by society and is known as ‘committing a crime’. Deviance is defined as ‘the fact or state of diverging from usual accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behaviour’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). To be deviant would be to perform an act that strays from the normal behaviours, or â€Å"norms† of any given society. ThereRead MoreCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pagesto demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss the ways in which the various radical perspectives challenge existing ideas about crime and justice. Radical criminology made its appearance onRead MoreCritical Theories Of Criminology903 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss conflict criminology, radical criminology, peacemaking criminology, and postmodern criminology providing a comparison as well as a contrast to each. Discussion There are several theories developing critical theories of criminology, the first discussed in this paper will be conflict theory (Bohm Vogel, 2011). The conflict theory is the inequality of competing groups, moreover, the different social statuses of individuals. This theory compares the differences in white collar crime to theRead MoreSociology Is The Study Of Individuals In Groups In A Systematic Way1611 Words   |  7 Pagessociological perspectives that hold valued theories in society. In this essay three perspectives will be assessed. How society operates in the view of these perspectives. Also, scrutinizing theories on the subject ‘crime and deviance’ aiming to outline how each perspective grasps the matter. Before one can observe society, one needs to take into account the ways in which it can be viewed. Perspectives that focus on social systems, are known as macro perspectives. Alternatively, the micro perspective, focuses

Essay about Cooperating and Communicating Across Cultures

Cooperating and Communicating across Cultures Daryl Roscoe Grantham University Professor Fail 02 January 2013 Abstract: This comprehensive case covers essential aspects and facets of cross-cultural co-operation and communication. These are illustrated through the fictitious depiction of a project carried out between Americans and Germans. More specifically, two situations will be presented: (1) an American working on a team, which is dominated by Germans (and their way of co-operating and communicating); and (2) the other way around, a German working on a team dominated by Americans. The difficulties, problems and misunderstandings both sides are facing are particularly stressed.†¦show more content†¦When trying to do so in Germany, the same person was met with shock, disbelief, and a clear message that he could be put in jail for such an action. Action-orientation versus attention to detail lead to the topics of creativity and innovation, which were on the mind of all Americans and were mentioned as a significant difference by some of the Germans as well. My American colleagues and I keep a list of creativity killers, said a dearly frustrated American-trained engineer working in Stuttgart. I often hear: No, this wont work; weve tried this before, and here is my favorite one: Things are different in the US. He reported a resistance to alternatives, a box-like thinking, an unwillingness to just talk about a subject if unprepared and a general risk aversion in the culture. How to communicate with the Germans, particularly the Americans, mentioned it by talking about different approaches to teamwork in the two cultures. In general, they reported less interaction with colleagues in the German work environment and said more independence was expected in Germany. You are done with it. It is now someone elses responsibility. He considered this procedure inefficient. Most people believe that they know what a team is and how it works. Management often feels frustrated that in spite of putting very competent people in a group, theShow MoreRelatedThe Nursing Facility Care For Medi caid And Medicaid System Administrators Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate their professional competence and caring attitude. Anticipates needs and responds with timely effective action. High performers thinks low performing employees want to divert other employees from supporting the development of a high performance culture within the department but with middle performers and if we encourage them to grow, we are creating a wider gap between them and the low performers. High performers know specifically why they been valued and what are their contribution. These employeesRead MoreManagement Is The Process Of Managing A Business Through People809 Words   |  4 Pagesworkers across the globe (Lee 2012). In a recent study, some researchers have surveyed about 30 MNCs in Asia, and they have reported the using of the distributed teams in remote areas has increased by 75% in the past two years; whereas, managers who work overseas has risen by 69% (Lee 2012). A decade ago, thi s greatly reshaped, as it was typical for the senior employees to report their works abroad. Thus, these changes have led to advantages as well as difficulties. The benefit of cooperating withRead MoreLeadership As A Unifying Direction For Organizational, Situational, And Mission Demands1132 Words   |  5 Pagesofficers and junior officers, such that there will be flexibility to share and communicate concerns affecting the unit. The completion of the initial organizational level vision should set the stage for communi-cating the vision . This will include communicating the justification of continued deployment or staying at work for longer hours. Necessary adjustments should also be incorporated to ensure time is created to provide breaks as necessary. For example, allowing Soldiers to go home early when timeRead MoreCharles Darwin : Explaining Emotion Through Evolution1526 Words   |  7 Pagesa crucial role in our survival. Emotions allow us to feel love and compassion with the end result being reproduction. The emotion of fear urges us to avoid threats and danger. It is also the demonstration of these emotions that assist us in communicating our needs or intentions. As Darwin put it â€Å"...emotional displays serve the important function of informing other organisms about an individual’s internal state† (Hockenbury Hockenbury, 2014). For an example a rattlesnake in a state of anxiety Read MoreCushy Armchair Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesGlinow). Pg. 316) â€Å"One problem is that email is an ineffective method of communicating emotions, a second problem is that email seems to reduce our politeness and respect for others. Third, is that email s an inefficient medium for in ambiguous, complex and novel situations†. There is no doubt that the situation was both ambiguous and novel, due to the fact that people from 15 different countries and many different cultures were the recipients of the message. Root Cause There are other factorsRead MoreEssay about The Internet1218 Words   |  5 Pagessurvival. I have learned that technology plays a huge role in every person’s life. The use of technology today has helped make life a little bit simpler and has changed our way of thinking. For instance, the Internet is a highly effective tool for communicating, for gathering information and for cooperation between dispersed locations. It has â€Å"negated the limitations of physical presence† (Shields 5). There is continuous development and improvement. The growing list of applications serves as testamentRead MoreThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey1818 Words   |  7 Pageswith others as a team and create synergy. However, it is always very difficult to create synergy. When I work with people in a group, we often face conflicts. This is natural because we are all different. We are raised from different background and cultures and we all think differently. Thus, the key to synergy is by valuing our differences. If we can respect each other’s differences, we can obtain tremendously positive result as we can cover each other’s weaknesses and build on each other’s strengthsRead MoreSurveillance During The United States1747 Words   |  7 Pagesstop happening. Alexander (director of NSA) also said that â€Å"If the surveillance programs had been in place before the Sept. 11 attacks, the United States would have known that hijacker Khalid Muhammad Abdallah al-Mihdhar was in San Diego and communicating with a known Al-Qaeda safe house in Yemen† (The Washington Post, NSA head: Surveillance has thwart more than 50 terror plots). IT shows that NSA had a lot of information about the 9-11 attack but I am shock at why this was not considered a bitRead Morecross-culture3416 Words   |  14 Pagesauthor identifies and discusses opportunities that are likely to emerge from the relationship between this company and its business associates in the three countries. Cooperating with business associates in China would enable the company’s management to use a centralized decision making strategy because employees within this culture are used to following orders and implementing decisions that have been made by higher authorities. Opportunitie s resulting from cooperation with business people in NigeriaRead MoreHps Knowledge Management System3969 Words   |  16 Pagescreative and out of the box thinkers, technical engineers and programmers.However, due to the autonomous/ decentralize working culture, knowledge isonly and normally shared within the business unit. This is an advantage, for business units.The regional offices can solve their own problem without going through layers of bureaucracy. The corporations decentralize culture has proven to be a huge success. HP strategy was pre-occupied in process and innovation. There was one thing though that the executives

Cloning Essay Research Paper In today s free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper In today s society it seems as if anything can be accomplished through engineering. Though most promotions are being made to assist remedy and attention for ill and handicapped people, many believe that scientist have gone to far and are playing the function of God. One of the most asked inquiries today is the theory of cloning a human being. Technology and scientific discipline have practically made this thought a world ; nevertheless, many disagree about the moralss of cloning. Is cloning merely another agencies of reproduction or is science ignoring the natural order of Gods creative activity. In the concluding analysis, human cloning is incorrect because of the negative effects it will hold in today s society and the danger it will bring down on worlds. When inquiries about human cloning arise, people are over flowed with thoughts of how it could lend or profit themselves and their hereafter. Would it let them to populate longer? Could it give hope to those unable to bare offspring of course? Could it open window to human viruses, which would let for medical specialties to handle incurable diseases, such as Aidss and the Ebola Virus? What could cloning really make? Scientist program to utilize cloning for medical intents along for a simple agencies of reproduction. Researchers besides intend to clone grownup human cells that will do it possible to turn new Black Marias and livers and nervus cells ( Gibbs 49 ) . If this were so, so it would most probably be possible to change the genetic sciences of a individual all together. Jeanna DuPrau provinces, Most of us would be happy if our parents had created us by a familial heritage free of malignant neoplastic disease, bosom disease, and progressive neurological disease ( 68-69 ) . Cloning could reply the inquiries to so many enigmas that plague scientist today. And with replies, cloning brings hope to those enduring from las ting unwellnesss, and would give rise to bigger and better communities. Over the past decennary, more and more twosomes have found themselves impotent and unable to bear kids of course. Cloning could, for illustration ; give hope to person who is sterile because of malignant neoplastic disease therapy [ and ] wants to hold a babe through cloning ( Gibbs 48 ) . This option would enable households to hold kids without holding to travel through the really delivering procedure. Yet these are still theories, cloning can still be used as a possible and major option for consideration. Though cloning new wave be fundamentally created around the medical universe ; its intent doesn T halt at that place. Society takes this thought in and creates a whole new genre of subjects that they could profit from. Cloning is thought to give rise to human improvement and in bettering. Humanity should be in control of its ain fate, says DuPrau ( 74 ) . See being able to clone the most first-class specimens of humanity. . .then the figure of first-class people would increase, and in the long tally, the human race would be improved ( DuPrau 61 ) . With this being true, people feel that their hereafter of being successful is inevitable. They will be able to find precisely what they want in their kids and have them created to their every desire and liking. With the coming familial revolution, we will be directing our ain development instead than trusting on a natural ( and sometimes black ) lottery to make it for us, states Jonathan Colvin ( 2 ) . With all the possibilities available, cloning is about a foreordained impression that is on the brink of going world ; nevertheless, there is much contention on the topic of human cloning. DePrau feels that some via media has to be reached between those who say human cloning must neer go on, because it is immoral, and those who say human cloning must go on because its benefits out weigh its dangers ( 75 ) . Though there are many possible benefits, there are far more who disagree with the idea of human cloning and holding engineering produce future man-kind. If human cloning became possible, the societal and economic criterions pressed upon the people of our universe would go unapproachable. To make a ringer it will be fewer than 1 million dollars ( DuPrau 62 ) This hideous figure would be excessively amazing for anyone of normal income to afford. Due to this fact, differences between rich and hapless could become so great that worlds will literally be transformed into more than one species ( DePrau 63 ) . Therefore this capableness will be limited to affluent people and in this state affluent people are likely to be white ( 62 ) . With this being true, our universe will once once more be put into a type of segregation epoch were people are forced to be separated over something that they have no control over. Population as a whole will go a game for engineering and scientific discipline to play with and it will finally convey us down alternatively more advanced. We will go merchandises of the same types and individualism will barely be. Colvin states that. . .by extinguishing the commixture of cistrons that occur during conventional reproduction, human biodiversity will be diminished and human development will discontinue ( 2 ) . We would be decreasing the natural procedure of reproduction and by that diminishing our features as different people. With a population such as this there comes certain outlooks that are to be met. Lifes will get down being created, as merchandises alternatively of a construct of love between two people. Human existences should be created for their ain interest, neer for person else # 8217 ; s aim ( DuPrau 70 ) . Many times these kids may be created merely to fulfill the desire to live over a past clip or to take the topographic point of a lost loved one. What a load for those kids, to cognize that their parents were endeavoring to re-create themselves or person deceased ( Arnst 1 ) . That kid will experience obligated to be a individual he or she is non prepared to be or may non even want to be ; nevertheless, he or she will be born with certain outlooks. The kid may experience these outlooks as force per unit area. He dark feel that he doesn Ts have the freedom to be what he wants to be ( DuPrau 65 ) . To make a kid and imperativeness such outlooks on him or her is all together unethical. A kid should be brought into the universe out of love and marriage, non for 1s ain personal intent or desire. If a the kid is brought into the universe for this intent, imperfectnesss and all, so the kid is hence ever a gift-one like them who springs from their embracing, non being whom they have made and whose fate they should find ( OConner 24 ) .

Process Of Planning The Advertising Campaign free essay sample

The campaign planning is the joint effort of both the advertiser and his ad Agency. The advertiser supplies much information about the product, the channel of distribution, competition the product, and the firm. The agency may collect other information from the market, in respect of target audience etc. Advertising campaign planning simply means planning the advertising campaign. Advertising campaign planning concerns many people in the advertising agency, but mainly concerns the advertising manager (for the client), account executive, marketing manager, creative director, media planner, and PR manager. They design and plan advertising campaign for the client. Steps in Advertising Campaign Planning : The main steps in advertising campaign planning are as follows : 1. Prototype Stage : Let us assume that a manufacturer has the prototype of a new product. The basic product has been thoroughly tested, but the packaging has not been determined, it has no name, no price, and perhaps no defined market. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Of Planning The Advertising Campaign or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In some respects this seems to contradict modern marketing principles. This situation is not uncommon. The company now wish to advertise its new product and appoints an advertising agency and calls it to explore the possibilities to promote the sales. 2. Initial Briefing by Client : The most likely procedure is for the managing director to ask his advertising manager to fix up a meeting with the account executive of the advertising agency. This first meeting may be held at the factory, at the company? s head office, or at the advertising agency. Probably the best venue will be where the account executive can see the product and meet the people who have been involved in its development. The factory might be the best place, but much depends on how the company is organized. For this initial discussion, the right choice of venue can be important to the account executive? s clear understanding of the proposition. It can be dangerous for the advertising agency to start off on the wrong foot because of inadequate or faulty interpretation of policy and problems. The need then is for best possible understanding at the beginning. This is the joint responsibility of the advertising manager and the account executive. Contact Report : Whenever a meeting has been held with a client a contact report should be written at once and circulated to all those present at the meeting, with additional copies for others not in attendance who should be informed, both inside the company and inside the agency. The importance of a contact report lies in its confirmation of agreed action, so that nothing depends on people? s memories, and if it is submitted directly after the event it serves to remind of necessary action that must be taken by people present at the meeting. Agreed contact reports, when placed in a file or binder as instructions to proceed, may be referred to as the facts book. Should a dispute occur, reference can be made to the respective contact report: at the end of the year these reports from the basis of a report to the client on the year? s work. 4. Account Executive? s Report to Agency Management : The account executive will also give his superiors the account director and perhaps the agency managing director a verbal report. If new business is coming into the agency it may be necessary to make changes in the deployment of staff, engage extra staff, and consider the use or expansion of equipment and premises. 5. Account Executive? s Briefing to Agency Department Heads : The account executive now writes up a detailed, factual but as far as possible unbiased report on the assignment, setting out his understanding of the product and the client? s requirements. In this report he should try to avoid expressing any personal observations because the object is to inform others whose ideas and opinions are being sought. Each department head is asked to study the report and to attend a plans board meeting. 6. Proposition : At this stage, the account executive invites the managing director of the client company to attend a meeting at which the scheme is presented in report form with a presentation of ideas in rough visual form. At this meeting the client party may consist of the managing director, marketing manager, sales manager and advertising manager and the members of the agency party may include the account director, account executive and the marketing director. Once the scheme is approved and adopted in principle the agency will be instructed to prepare a full visual presentation at the client? s expense. Now, the agency will engage in actual copywriting, photography and drawing. Detailed media scheduling will now be done by the media buyer. 7. Presentation to Client : At this stage the complete campaign is demonstrated to the client. The campaign is presented visually. Advertising campaign planning must be flexible. Moreover, at such a meeting with the client there will be a number of company directors and  executives present who disagree with one another as well as with the agency over what makes an advertising campaign. Everyone likes to argue about advertising! The account executive, supported by the advertising manager in deal circumstances, must sell his campaign on the basis of sales and readership figures of publications, show the results of copy testing, and offer alternative media plans with evidence of the reasoning behind them. Much of the comment and criticism from the client side will often represent arguments which were considered and rejected in the agency much earlier. This has to be expected, accepted courteously and gently dismissed by means by persuasive reasoning and statistics which reveal that the agency has really taken pains to produce not just a clever scheme but one based on businesslike thinking. Once the scheme has been approved, the account executive and his companions will return to the agency, ready to execute the campaign. At this stage when the media start buyers, creative staff, print buying production and traffic takeover, working under the direction of the account executive. 11. 2. 3 Factors Influencing the Planning of an Advertising Campaign. The Organisation its reputation, position in the market. 2. The product e. g. Consumer (Perishable, durable or speciality) goods, or industrial goods etc. 3. The market the nature of customers, their income, their buying behavior, and their location. 4. The competition. 5. The absolute price of the product, Competitor? s price etc. 6. The channels of distribution. 7. The budget, the advertising theme, etc. 8. The media, the advertising schedule etc. 9. The Govt. regulations and controls, restriction on certain products, restriction on certain media to carry out certain ads.

How to Develop Your CV and Find a Job with Career Expert Mildred Talabi

How to Develop Your CV and Find a Job with Career Expert Mildred Talabi Mildred Talabi knows the Resume inside and out. As a Career Expert, she’s analyzed every step of the job hunting process, which she breaks down in detail on her blog, and she took a moment to speak with us about how to make your job hunting that much easier. What makes a great CV?I believe there are seven fundamental keys to creating not just a great CV, but what I call a â€Å"winning† CV – a CV that gets you results. These seven keys are a lot to go into in detail here, but as a summary they’re related to knowing your target industry, structuring your CV correctly, engaging with your personal profile, sharing your skills effectively, taking care of the visuals, eliminating spelling and grammar mistakes, and keeping to a good overall length.What common CV mistakes do you see online?The most common serious ones are spelling and grammar mistakes; poor layout and formatting, which makes it hard to engage with the CV; and generic CVs which are not tailored to any industry in particular. However, more minor things like writing the words â€Å"CV† or â€Å"Curriculum Vitae† at the top of a CV or including references are also mistakes that jobseekers should avoid.What’s the one thing that needs to be on every CV?I would say a very strong introduction that skillfully and concisely summarizes what you have to offer as a potential candidate for the job at hand. Get this right, and you will have the employer hooked from the beginning and eager to read the rest of your CV.How can we make sure our CVs are more readable for job boards and the like?Newsflash – job boards are not human! This means they’re programmed to shortlist very quickly by picking up on specific terms and keywords on CVs. In order to make your CV more readable to job boards and therefore increase your success rate in this area, it’s important to submit a CV that is not generic, but targeted to a specific industry. This means making sur e that everything on your CV – from your personal profile to your skills, career history to education and training – supports your expressed aspiration to gain a job in that particular field. This also means that you will be using specific vocabulary related to that field which job boards can pick up on and use to push you higher up the list as a potential suitable candidate.What’s the role of social media in finding a job?The job market has changed significantly over the last few years, and social media now plays an increasingly important role in the process of finding a job. More and more employers are now using social media to directly recruit or eliminate potential candidates, so it’s very important that job seekers learn how to harness social media to their advantage.The first step is by getting involved and setting up a professional profile on the main platforms, namely LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook, or Google+ if you’re more advanced. This will allow you to start building a credible online brand that will be attractive to employers and recruiters, as well as open up the channels to engage directly with those who hold the decision-making powers regarding your job hunt.What trends in hiring should we be watching closely?I would reiterate the above point and say that social media and its link to job hunting is not about to go away any time soon. In fact, I believe this connection will only continue to grow as technology advances, so if you’re job hunting, make it your priority to jump on the social bandwagon!

Get the Url of a Hyperlink in a TWebBrowser Document

Get the Url of a Hyperlink in a TWebBrowser Document The TWebBrowser Delphi component provides access to the Web browser functionality from your Delphi applications. In most situations you use the TWebBrowser to display HTML documents to the user - thus creating your own version of the (Internet Explorer) Web browser. Note that the TWebBrowser can also display Word documents, for example. A very nice feature of a Browser is to display link information, for example, in the status bar, when the mouse hovers over a link in a document. The TWebBrowser does not expose an event like OnMouseMove. Even if such an event would exist it would be fired for the TWebBrowser component - NOT for the document being displayed inside the TWebBrowser. In order to provide such information (and much more, as you will see in a moment) in your Delphi application using the TWebBrowser component, a technique called events sinking must be implemeted. WebBrowser Event Sink To navigate to a web page using the TWebBrowser component you call the Navigate method. The Document property of the TWebBrowser returns an IHTMLDocument2 value (for web documents). This interface is used to retrieve information about a document, to examine and modify the HTML elements and text within the document, and to process related events. To get the href attribute (link) of an a tag inside a document, while the mouse hovers over a document, you need to react on the onmousemove event of the IHTMLDocument2. Here are the steps to sink events for the currently loaded document: Sink the WebBrowser controls events in the DocumentComplete event raised by the TWebBrowser. This event is fired when the document is fully loaded into the Web Browser.Inside DocumentComplete, retrieve the WebBrowsers document object and sink the HtmlDocumentEvents interface.Handle the event you are interested in.Clear the sink in the in BeforeNavigate2 - that is when the new document is loaded in the Web Browser. HTML Document OnMouseMove Since we are interested in the HREF attribute of an A element - in order to show the URL of a link the mouse is over, we will sink the onmousemove event. The procedure to get the tag (and its attributes) below the mouse can be defined as: var   Ã‚  htmlDoc : IHTMLDocument2; ... procedure TForm1.Document_OnMouseOver; var   Ã‚   element : IHTMLElement; begin   Ã‚   if htmlDoc nil then Exit;   Ã‚   element : htmlDoc.parentWindow.event.srcElement;   Ã‚   elementInfo.Clear;   Ã‚   if LowerCase(element.tagName) a then   Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ShowMessage(Link, HREF : element.getAttribute(href,0)]) ;   Ã‚   end   Ã‚   else if LowerCase(element.tagName) img then   Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ShowMessage(IMAGE, SRC : element.getAttribute(src,0)]) ;   Ã‚   end   Ã‚   else   Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines.Add(Format(TAG : %s,[element.tagName])) ;   Ã‚   end; end; (*Document_OnMouseOver*) As explained above, we attach to the onmousemove event of a document in the OnDocumentComplete event of a TWebBrowser: procedure TForm1.WebBrowser1DocumentComplete(   Ã‚  ASender: TObject;   Ã‚  const pDisp: IDispatch;   Ã‚  var URL: OleVariant) ; begin   Ã‚   if Assigned(WebBrowser1.Document) then   Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   htmlDoc : WebBrowser1.Document as IHTMLDocument2;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   htmlDoc.onmouseover : (TEventObject.Create(Document_OnMouseOver) as IDispatch) ;   Ã‚   end; end; (*WebBrowser1DocumentComplete*) And this is where the problems arise! As you might guess the onmousemove event is *not* a usual event - as are those we are used to work with in Delphi. The onmousemove expects a pointer to a variable of type VARIANT of type VT_DISPATCH that receives the IDispatch interface of an object with a default method that is invoked when the event occurs. In order to attach a Delphi procedure to onmousemove you need to create a wrapper that implements IDispatch and raises your event in its Invoke method. Heres the TEventObject interface: TEventObject class(TInterfacedObject, IDispatch) private   Ã‚   FOnEvent: TObjectProcedure; protected   Ã‚   function GetTypeInfoCount(out Count: Integer): HResult; stdcall;   Ã‚   function GetTypeInfo(Index, LocaleID: Integer; out TypeInfo): HResult; stdcall;   Ã‚   function GetIDsOfNames(const IID: TGUID; Names: Pointer; NameCount, LocaleID: Integer; DispIDs: Pointer): HResult; stdcall;   Ã‚   function Invoke(DispID: Integer; const IID: TGUID; LocaleID: Integer; Flags: Word; var Params; VarResult, ExcepInfo, ArgErr: Pointer): HResult; stdcall; public   Ã‚   constructor Create(const OnEvent: TObjectProcedure) ;   Ã‚   property OnEvent: TObjectProcedure read FOnEvent write FOnEvent;   Ã‚   end; Heres how to implement event sinking for a document displayed by the TWebBrowser component - and get the info of a HTML element below the mouse. TWebBrowser Document Event Sinking Example Download Drop a TWebBrowser (WebBrowser1) on a Form (Form1). Add a TMemo (elementInfo)... unit Unit1;interfaceuses  Ã‚   Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,  Ã‚   Dialogs, OleCtrls, SHDocVw, MSHTML, ActiveX, StdCtrls;type  Ã‚   TObjectProcedure procedure of object;  Ã‚   TEventObject class(TInterfacedObject, IDispatch)  Ã‚   private  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FOnEvent: TObjectProcedure;  Ã‚   protected  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   function GetTypeInfoCount(out Count: Integer): HResult; stdcall;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   function GetTypeInfo(Index, LocaleID: Integer; out TypeInfo): HResult; stdcall;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   function GetIDsOfNames(const IID: TGUID; Names: Pointer; NameCount, LocaleID: Integer; DispIDs: Pointer): HResult; stdcall;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   function Invoke(DispID: Integer; const IID: TGUID; LocaleID: Integer; Flags: Word; var Params; VarResult, ExcepInfo, ArgErr: Pointer): HResult; stdcall;  Ã‚   public  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   constructor Create(const OnEvent: TObjectProcedure) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   property OnEvent: TObjectProcedure read FOnEvent writ e FOnEvent;  Ã‚   end;  Ã‚   TForm1 class(TForm)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WebBrowser1: TWebBrowser;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo: TMemo;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   procedure WebBrowser1BeforeNavigate2(ASender: TObject; const pDisp: IDispatch; var URL, Flags, TargetFrameName, PostData, Headers: OleVariant; var Cancel: WordBool) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   procedure WebBrowser1DocumentComplete(ASender: TObject; const pDisp: IDispatch; var URL: OleVariant) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject) ;  Ã‚   private  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   procedure Document_OnMouseOver;  Ã‚   public  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   { Public declarations }  Ã‚   end;var  Ã‚   Form1: TForm1;  Ã‚   htmlDoc : IHTMLDocument2;implementation{$R *.dfm}procedure TForm1.Document_OnMouseOver;var  Ã‚   element : IHTMLElement;begin  Ã‚   if htmlDoc nil then Exit;  Ã‚   element : htmlDoc.parentWindow.event.srcElement;  Ã‚   elementInfo.Clear;  Ã‚   if LowerCase(element.tagName) a then  Ã‚   begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines. Add(LINK info...) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines.Add(Format(HREF : %s,[element.getAttribute(href,0)])) ;  Ã‚   end  Ã‚   else if LowerCase(element.tagName) img then  Ã‚   begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines.Add(IMAGE info...) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines.Add(Format(SRC : %s,[element.getAttribute(src,0)])) ;  Ã‚   end  Ã‚   else  Ã‚   begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines.Add(Format(TAG : %s,[element.tagName])) ;  Ã‚   end;end; (*Document_OnMouseOver*)procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject) ;begin  Ã‚   WebBrowser1.Navigate(http://delphi.about.com) ;  Ã‚   elementInfo.Clear;  Ã‚   elementInfo.Lines.Add(Move your mouse over the document...) ;end; (*FormCreate*)procedure TForm1.WebBrowser1BeforeNavigate2(ASender: TObject; const pDisp: IDispatch; var URL, Flags, TargetFrameName, PostData, Headers: OleVariant; var Cancel: WordBool) ;begin  Ã‚   htmlDoc : nil;end; (*WebBrowser1BeforeNavigate2*)procedure TForm1.WebBrowser1DocumentComplete(ASend er: TObject; const pDisp: IDispatch; var URL: OleVariant) ;begin  Ã‚   if Assigned(WebBrowser1.Document) then  Ã‚   begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   htmlDoc : WebBrowser1.Document as IHTMLDocument2;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   htmlDoc.onmouseover : (TEventObject.Create(Document_OnMouseOver) as IDispatch) ;  Ã‚   end;end; (*WebBrowser1DocumentComplete*){ TEventObject }constructor TEventObject.Create(const OnEvent: TObjectProcedure) ;begin  Ã‚   inherited Create;  Ã‚   FOnEvent : OnEvent;end;function TEventObject.GetIDsOfNames(const IID: TGUID; Names: Pointer; NameCount, LocaleID: Integer; DispIDs: Pointer): HResult;begin  Ã‚   Result : E_NOTIMPL;end;function TEventObject.GetTypeInfo(Index, LocaleID: Integer; out TypeInfo): HResult;begin  Ã‚   Result : E_NOTIMPL;end;function TEventObject.GetTypeInfoCount(out Count: Integer): HResult;begin  Ã‚   Result : E_NOTIMPL;end;function TEventObject.Invoke(DispID: Integer; const IID: TGUID; LocaleID: Integer; Flags: Word; var Params; VarResult, ExcepIn fo, ArgErr: Pointer): HResult;begin  Ã‚   if (DispID DISPID_VALUE) then  Ã‚   begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if Assigned(FOnEvent) then FOnEvent;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Result : S_OK;  Ã‚   end  Ã‚   else Result : E_NOTIMPL;end;end.

Discussion Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Discussion Questions - Coursework Example In practice, this could be used by introducing barriers, gates and out of bounds limitations so as to control traffic. Such move and an organisation would prevent the criminals who may have a getaway vehicle from being concealed within the premises of the building. In the same breadth and line of thought, the clearly defined exits seal all the prospective loopholes where the criminals may slip and run away from the buildings and places of target. In rhetoric sense and aspect, one ought to ask the questions: is it possible for a person to enter or leave the place without being accounted for or being noticed? Are there other entry/exit places such as rooftops? It is my reasoned view and humble submission that I would educate other people by putting signs and posts in big connotations on the benefits of security in the place. For instance, help them develop behavioral patterns such that if they see a stranger they ought to report them to the security office. In the concept and aspect of natural surveillance, criminals tend to operate in an environment where they are less visible and anonymous. Thus, surveillance refers to the aspect and instance where the place or location is visible and closely monitored by designate officials at all times. In the conventional and common wisdom, there are two approaches and perspectives to accomplish these. To begin with, there is the aspect of having well defined sight lines which are manned and controlled by video and CCTV cameras. Secondly, there is the notion of articulating social interactions and cohesion where each person assumes the role and duty of surveying and maintaining security. This is critical so as to ensure that all people or all the activities that would be happening at the place would be accounted for and be seen by all the others without hustles. The social interactions on their part ensures that there are security

Ethics and Legal Considerations in Strategic Management (StilSim Essay

Ethics and Legal Considerations in Strategic Management (StilSim Company ) - Essay Example Virtues such as integrity and honesty have always been valued here in the stilsim company, not only that, we also believe in quality customer service, openness, personal excellence, continual self improvement and mutual respect. We respect our committment that we have with our cliental and cutomers and we believe in providing the best service that is out there to all of our associations. We here hold ourselves accountable to not only our customers but also to our share holders, our partners and our employees and we pride ourselves on honouring our commitments with them and providing the best of the results that we can. We try our best to live up to the expectations of our cliental and customers. To understand more about the work here at stilsim and the principles on which we work, we provide our employees and clientals with our brochures and handbook. These handbooks have all the essential information about the stilsim and what this company is about. Generally, ethics considered as the moral standards by which behaviour of the people is judged. Often the ethics re considered as the â€Å"golden rule†, this however is only the general consideration of ethics and this standard can not be used to define the buisiness ethics. In a business you are answerable to diffrent set of people such as customers, shareholders and the clients. Business ethics is is a highly compex field where determining your next move when an ethical dilemma arises among diffrent interests is an extremely tricky job. Right now the stilsim company is dealing with many internal and external issues and once we impliment our new strategy, the ethics should be kept in our minds while making any important decision. Since the stilsim company has been in the business for such a long period of time , we believe that we hold a great deal of responsibilty towards our employees, our stake holders, our shareholders, our customers and even the

Emily Dickinson Essay Example for Free

Emily Dickinson Essay Religion and spirituality can affect different people’s lifestyles in different ways. In the case of Emily Dickinson, her religion affected her writing. Emily Dickinson seemed to have written her poems based by religious influence; the poems â€Å"Some Keep the Sabbath going to Church† and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† are both examples of how religion influenced her poetry. Emily Dickinson did not at all have a sort of a rough upbringing or childhood, as it was in fact, very pleasant for the most part. She was born on December 10th 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts. The town she had grown up in, coincidentally, was noted as a center of education, based on the Amherst College. Her family was very well-known in the community, so her childhood home was often used as a meeting place for visitors. In school, Emily was known for being a very intelligent student, and could create original rhyming stories to entertain her other classmates. She loved to read, and was extremely conscientious about her work (Tejvan par. 2-4). However, Emily Dickinson’s father was extremely strict. He was determined to bring up his children in an extremely proper way, causing his daughter to both hate and love him at the same time. He would censor the types of books allowed in the house; any books that were found to be too inappropriate would have to be smuggled in the house without his knowing. Emily described it as â€Å"his heart was pure and terrible† (Tejvan par. 4). Because of these actions, Emily was extremely respectful to both her father and other older male figures. However, she still loved her father in every way she could, and wished to be the best daughter she could ever possibly be (Tejvan par. 2-4). After her childhood, Emily Dickinson lived isolated from the world for the remainder of her life. Despite her remote lifestyle, Dickinson still actively read and still communicated with people with whom she felt the need to keep in contact. Her brother moved in next door to her after attending law school and marrying his wife. Her younger sister followed Emily’s example and also lived in almost complete isolation at her home. Her siblings and brother’s spouse acted as both family and companions during Dickinson’s lifetime (Emily Dickinson Poets.org par. 2). At the time of Dickinson’s life, there was a â€Å"revival of evangelical Christianity† (Tejvan par. 2). Because of this, she would rarely refuse to tell people she was Christian, making her religious views hard to explain. However, Emily Dickinson defined herself as a pagan, and her religious views had a very strong influence on her poetry. As a Calvinist, Dickinson was brought up to believe that men were undoubtedly sinful and that most of humanity was doomed to hell. A small portion of humans would be saved, however, and throughout her life, there was an increasing pressure for Emily Dickinson to announce herself as the saved. Regardless, she never deemed herself saved, causing her to be seen as an outcast from the rest of her peers (Tejvan par. 2-5). At a first look at her poems, it would seem that she was an atheist, or just has a â€Å"lack of spiritual inclination† (Sumangali par. 2). Dickinson did not pay much attention, or was not able to grasp religious doctrine such as original sin. Emily Dickinson did attend church regularly, and the sermons she attended influenced her poetry. While she did not have identical beliefs to those surrounding her, Dickinson had a faith in her own spirituality, making her seem to have more knowledge of God than the people around her. She did not claim to fully understand God, or to have faith in all of His ways. Nonetheless, she did not fear God, or fear being sent to Hell (Sumangali par. 1-10). Therefore, she was not as religious-obsessed as the people around her. This could also explain why she lived in isolation, because as everyone else was caught up in trying to be saved, she was living out her life the way she wanted. Dickinson’s religious and spiritual outlooks are reflected in her poetry. The poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is one of Dickinson’s many poems influenced by her religion. In this poem, Dickinson is trying to depict herself from beyond the grave, as if she has already died. She describes how she was too caught up in her own life to be stopped by death; hence the title of this work. It also explains that she, unlike the people around her who are so focused on being saved by God when they die, was so busy with everything else to care. The first stanza in the poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death / He kindly stopped for me / The Carriage held but just Ourselves / And Immortality† (â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† 1-4), describes death practically picking up the author in a carriage with just themselves and immortality. Then in the second stanza, Death’s civility is Dickinson explaining that Death is teaching her to give up all of the things that had made her busy, so she could enjoy the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œride’ to the end of her life. The third stanza is Emily Dickinson explaining all of the things in the world that she is leaving behind, some that she was toopreoccupied to notice before. The transitions she uses between the stanzas, are of her leaving the old world and entering a different, gloomier one: â€Å"We passed the Setting Sun / Or rather – He passed us† (â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† 12-13). In this stanza, she finally realizes that she is dead and her past life is gone. Her death becomes a bit physical too, with her describing her gown and the chill outside, and the same in the next stanza. The final stanza describes what Dickinson meant by Immortality in the beginning of the poem. She describes how, even though it had been centuries since she died, to her it only feels like a day (Cullina, Chainani, et al par.7-14). In this poem, Dickinson gives death a personality, and the personality she gives death reflects the personality she gives to God. She portrays death as a journey after a busy life, which lasts an eternity but does not feel very long at all. Another one of Emily Dickinson poems, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Church†, more literally relates to her view and practices of religion by describing faith. The first stanza in Dickinson’s poem talks about how different people keep their religious views alive. She says that â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Church / I keep it, staying at Home† (â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Church† 1-2). She describes that in going to the Sabbath, they are giving their faith to the Lord. She then goes on to say, that by staying home and worshipping God at home is keeping her faith and relationship with God in a more real and alive way. In the following stanza, she describes how some people wear their robes to prove their righteousness to God and the faith, while Dickinson does not need to prove her faith to others, she proved to herself enough how much God means to her, and does not need to try and prove her love of God to everyone else. This stanza helps explain that a person who has to convince others that they are true to God means that their inner self does not agree that they are as faithful as they really should be. S omeone who is truly faithful to God would not have to brag or show it off to the rest of the world, but they would know inside of themselves that however they act they will be sent up to heaven. The final stanza explains that God is always preaching, but the sermon is not the type heard at Church. He preaches every day and going to mass will not affect how He preaches. No matter if a person is faithful in others eyes or not, she explains that there is not any doubt of His undying love for His truly good, and faithful people. Emily Dickinson uses her poem to say that it is not necessary show off a person’s faith to others, to be rewarded with heaven. She says that true believers do not have to show off to the world the fact that they are going to heaven by wearing robes, attending mass, and declaring themselves â€Å"saved†. The true believers know that they are going all along, whether they prove it to everyone else or not (â€Å"Exposing the Hypocrisy of Religion in Emily Dickinson’s Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church† par. 1-6). As religion has a strong influence on many people’s lifestyles, Emily Dickinson’s religion and her true spirituality had a strong influence on her poetry. Two of her poems, â€Å"Some Keep the Sabbath going to Church† and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† are both examples of how religion influenced her poetry. Works Cited Cullina, Alice, Soman Chainani, and et al. Emily Dickinsons Collected Poems Study Guide : Summary and Analysis of Because I could not stop for Death GradeSaver. N.p., 26 Jul 2009. Web. 30 Apr 2012. Dickinson, Emily. Some Keep The Sabbath Going to Church. Johnson, Thomas H. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. New York: Back Bay Books, 30 Jan 1976. Print. Dickinson, Emily. Because I could not stop for Death. Johnson, Thomas H. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. New York: Back Bay Books, 30 Jan 1976. Print. Emily Dickinson Poets.org. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, n.d. Web. 10 Apr 2012. â€Å"Exposing the Hypocrisy of Religion in Emily Dickinson’s Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church†. 123HelpMe.com. 30 Apr 2012 Pettinger, Tejvan R. Emily Dickinson Biography. BiographyOnline. N.p., 26 June 2006. Web. 10 Apr 2012. The Spirituality of Emily Dickinson†. Sumangali. N.p., 10 May 2008. Web. 10 Apr 2012.

Michael Clayton: Attorney Client Privilege Essay -- Film Analysis

It is a plot line that seemed to come straight out of a John Grisham novel. After all it had all the major elements: a conspiracy, a corrupt corporation, but most importantly a lawyer examining his inner conscience only to decide to break with the status quo and expose his corporate masters. In fact, one could say that the film Michael Clayton (2007), was a modern day John Grisham film that never was. In all certainty, Michael Clayton is a typical Hollywood movie with a typical Hollywood ending where good defeats evil and where truth prevails over obfuscation.That does not mean that it should be dismissed so readily however. The film Michael Clayton still raises many of the ethical questions within the legal profession. Namely, the film explores the concept of the Attorney Client Privilege, and through its plot and rich storyline, questions the very notion of it. However, it is easy to forget that the film is a pure work of fiction; and although it does a adequate job of pointing out the disadvantages of the Attorney Client Privilege, its assertion that the privilege should be eroded when the attorney knows that his or her client is lying, is just as phantasmal as the scenes are which are in the film. â€Å"I’m not a miracle worker; I’m a janitor,† remarks Michael Clayton in one of the opening scenes of the film. An apt phrase because Clayton has been dispatched to rein in a fellow associate named Arthur Edens who is suffering from a manic breakdown—stripping off his clothes during the middle of a deposition and running around naked in the parking lot. Visiting Edens in jail after the incident, the sighs of the breakdown showed no sighs of subsiding. In the middle of a conversation with Clayton, Edens goes on a tirade, eventually aski... ...t everyone has a job to do. Lawyers are—and should not be—an exception to that rule. Works Cited Freedman, Monroe H., and Abbe Smith. Understanding Lawyers' Ethics. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis, 2010. Print. Kairys, David. "Legal Education As Training For Hierarchy." The Politics of Law: a Progressive Critique. By Duncan Kennedy. New York: Basic, 1998. 54-75. Print. Keefe, Patrick Radden. "Michael Clayton's Devastating Critique of the Legal Profession. - By Patrick Radden Keefe." Slate Magazine. Washington Post.Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC, 19 Feb. 2008. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Shanahan, Sara Jane. "Another View: The Eroding Attorney-Client Privilege - NYTimes.com." NYTimes.com. The New York Times Company, 2 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Simon, David. "The Attorney-Cleint Privilege As Applied to Corporations." Yale Law Journal 65.7 (1956): 953-90. Print.

Marketing (Repositioning) Essay

There is a wide range of forces acting upon organizations which make the need for service repositioning inevitable. The main forces include changing technology and expectations of customers, increased competition and changing nature of economic relations, etc. Today, repositioning of existing service offering becomes a strategy which helps companies to sustain strong market position and resist competition. Following Lovelock and Wirtz (2003) repositioning can be described as changing service characteristics aimed to meet new market conditions. The main sets of conditions for service repositioning include (1) a market decline, (2) competition and (3) changing customers’ needs. Therefore, reposition ­ing is about the new vision of the company in the customers’ minds. It is about earning customers’ trust to make them willingly follow the company. Market decline is the main reason which forces companies to reposition their service offering to remain profitable. For instance, if rates of return are below â€Å"competitive† rate it can result in withdrawal from the industry and a decline in activity and competition. In this situation, companies need to reposition their service offering in order to find new markets and new target groups. Repositioning is the best strategy used by companies to enter new markets essential for the opportunities and new competitive positioning. For instance, in order to survive â€Å"Fast Company† created a strategy aimed to reposition the magazine â€Å"in the minds of advertisers—a task that depends on first repositioning in the minds of readers—and then executing† (Lindsay, 2005). Airline carriers use repositioning strategy to avoid market failure and decline. (Essential repositioning of the Airline. Luxair, n.d.; Europe’s Winners and Losers, 2001). Also, this industry repositions itself in order to maintain high growth through optimization of a product mix and technological innovation. Very often, companies reposition their service offering using a quality/price strategy. Some airline carriers have positioned their brands selling for twice the price of services emphasizing their national origins, demon ­strating how quality and price can be reinforced (Essential repositioning of the Airline. Luxair, n.d.). It is possible to say that airline carriers seek to change the experience of buying and using a service (the service benefit) to prove a price position (Lovelock and Wirtz, 2003). Increased competition and new market entrants can force companies to reposition their service offerings. On the one hand, new entrants to an industry bring new capacity, a desire to gain market share and position and new approaches to serving customer needs. It is important to note that new competitors can have a negative impact on prices. Their strategy can result in reduced industry profitability (Lovelock and Wirtz, 2003). In this case, repositioning their service offering, companies try to find new service benefits to attract potential consumers. For instance, tourism market in Jamaica needs a reposition in order to compete on the market and remain competitive. Golding, a leader of Jamaica Labour Party, says that the industry is â€Å"running a risk right now because there is significant increase in the number of rooms, particularly with the Spanish investments† (Reposition tourism marketing, 2006). Also, Golding admits that â€Å"There is a need for a whole new approach to attraction development because there are so little offerings for the tourists, particularly at nights† (Reposition tourism marketing, 2006). On the other hand, multinational companies like Vodafone mobile operator can face a threat of service adaptation and can become a victim of global competitors (Calling for a rethink, 2006). In some cases, the companies need repositioning strategy to relocate the brand in consumers’ minds creating a competitive advantage.   This repositioning strategy ensures the customers credibly (Lovelock and Wirtz, 2003). Repositioning helps companies to establish trustworthiness, confidence, and competence for customers. It is possible to say that reposi ­tioning becomes the best strategy to keep the company’s identity and per ­sonality in the customers’ minds. The company can force customers to buy their products creating new image of the brand. In the era of globalization, repositioning strategy can help to differentiate the brand image from competitors proposing distinct features of the service offering. So, reposi ­tioning is not just about persuading and creating new image in the consumers’ minds, it is about earning consumers’ trust (Calling for a rethink, 2006). Another set of conditions under which it is appropriate to reposition an existing service offerings deals with future needs and wants of the customers and their changing expectations. Customers needs and wants have changed over time. These causes require companies to find new strategies and directions to deliver customer satisfaction. For instance, the main problems faced by WHO is that â€Å"Like many middle-aged organizations, a lot of the WHO’s problems stem from the fact that it has not changed with the times† (Repositioning the WHO, 1998). In this case, repositioning is needed to provide satisfaction of members’ social needs, and a sense of personal identity. Also, WHO organizations â€Å"regard government action as automatically good, profit as automatically evil, and intellectual property as theft† (Repositioning the WHO, 1998). Advances in technology and innovations require new positioning strategies to attract potential customers around the world. In this situation, repositioning becomes a response to the need of customers and increased market competition. It is possible to conclude that managing repositioning effectively is a complex and challenging task. Although firms need to meet expectations of their customers and resist competitors in order to remain profitable. For many organizations, repositioning is measured as profits in one form or another, while for others they may be the achievement of social needs. Today, repositioning strategy is one of the most important elements of marketing which helps companies to respond effectively to changing demands and new economic environment. References Calling for a rethink. 2006. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5444969 (accessed 19 August 2006) Essential repositioning of the Airline. Luxair. n.d.   http://www.luxair.lu/luxair/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=642&a=6662&l=en (accessed 19 August 2006). Europe’s Winners and Losers. The Continent’s slump will change the landscape. 2001. Business Week. October 15.   http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_42/b3753136.htm (accessed 19 August 2006) Lindsay, J. 2005. Super Service: How to Revive The Business Publication You Just Bought for ~$35 Million. June 26.   http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/cache/a4669.asp (accessed 19 August 2006) Lovelock, Ch., Wirtz, J. 2003. Services Marketing, People, Technology, Strategy. Prentice Hall; 5 ed. Reposition tourism marketing, says Golding. 2006. August 15. http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20060812T210000-0500_111077_OBS_REPOSITION_TOURISM_MARKETING__SAYS_GOLDING_.asp (accessed 19 August 2006) Repositioning the WHO. 1998. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/displaystory.cfm?story_id=127783 (accessed 19 August 2006)   

Innovation, logistic

Why has flower production internationalization over the past few decades? First, once the flowers were cut, they were extremely perishable. As the result, the longevity of cut flower is the main concern for the retailers. Although the flowers were delivered though a perfect distribution system with boxes protected and temperature control, the longevity was still shortened for one or two days. Second, transport costs for flowers shipped overseas ranged from 60%-90% of the total cost to produce a flower. Besides, the air freight cost for flower was based on volume which exults in the over-packed cost.Through international production, traders may decrease the logistical cost and the waste of over-packed. In addition, the greenhouse technique may get over the difficulty of climate. 3-2: How are the flower clusters in the various countries connected? 1 . International auction International auction published the price and advise on industry for growers. 2. Dissemination of production techn ology Dutch suppliers started to spread the Information on production such as product innovation, and invested in foreign production and logistic In late 1950. 3.LTO(Land- en Tinnitus Organist Underlain ) The organization provided the programs to Improve management. Besides, It also facilitated studying trips to foreign countries to promote exchange among growers. 3-3: How do they compete? Traders among different countries competed on price, Innovation, logistic and even packaging at the auction. At beginning, the price of the flower Is high, and then It decreased at a steady rate. Buyers can decide the acceptable price and the quantity they want. Finally traders may make some adjustment on production according to the deal price and volume.

What Is the Density of Water By Temperature and Unit

What Is the Density of Water By Temperature and Unit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What is the density of water? Does it matter what the temperature is? How can you figure out the density of other objects and liquids? In this guide we explain water density, provide a chart you can use to find the density of water at different temperatures, and explain three different ways to calculate density. What Is the Density of Water? Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. The density of water is most given as 1 g/cm3, but below is the density of water with different units. Unit Water Density Density of water g/cm3 1 g/cm3 Density of water g/mL 1 g/mL Density of water kg/m3 1000 kg/m3 Density of water lb/ft3 62.4 lbs/ft3 It’s no coincidence that water has a density of 1. Density is mass divided by volume (Ï =m/v), and water was used as the basis for establishing the metric unit of mass, which means a cubic centimeter (1cm3) of water weighs one gram (1g). So, 1g/1cm3 = 1 g/cm3, giving water its easy-to-remember density. However, water’s exact density depends on both the air pressure and the temperature of the area. These variations in density are very slight though, so unless you need to know very exact calculations or the experiment takes place in an area with an extreme temperature/pressure, you can continue to use 1 g/cm3 for water density. You can look at the chart in the next section to see how water’s density changes with temperature. Note that these water density values are only true for pure water. Saltwater (like the oceans) has a different density which depends on how much salt is dissolved in the water. Seawater density is typically slightly higher than the density of pure water, about 1.02g/cm3 to 1.03g/cm3. Water Density at Different Temperatures Below is a chart that shows the density of water (in grams/cm3) at different temperatures, ranging from below water’s freezing point (-22 °F/-30 °C) to its boiling point (212 °F/100 °C). As you can see in the chart, water only has an exact density of 1 g/cm3 at 39.2 °F or 4.0 °C. Once you get below water’s freezing point (32 °F/0 °C), the density of water decreases because ice is less dense than water. This is why ice floats on top of water and, when you put ice cubes in a glass of water, they don’t just sink straight to the bottom. The chart also shows that, for the range of temperatures typical for indoor science labs (about 50 °F/10 °C to 70 °F/21 °C), the density of water is very close to 1 g/cm3, which is why that value is used in all but the most exact density calculations. It’s not until the temperature is very extreme in one direction or another (close to freezing or boiling), that the temperature of water changes enough that 1 g/cm3 would no longer be acceptably accurate. Temperature ( °F/ °C) Density of Water (grams/cm3) -22 °/-30 ° 0.98385 -4 °/-20 ° 0.99355 14 °/-10 ° 0.99817 32 °/0 ° 0.99987 39.2 °/4.0 ° 1.00000 40 °/4.4 ° 0.99999 50 °/10 ° 0.99975 60 °/15.6 ° 0.99907 70 °/21 ° 0.99802 80 °/26.7 ° 0.99669 90 °/32.2 ° 0.99510 100 °/37.8 ° 0.99318 120 °/48.9 ° 0.98870 140 °/60 ° 0.98338 160 °/71.1 ° 0.97729 180 °/82.2 ° 0.97056 200 °/93.3 ° 0.96333 212 °/100 ° 0.95865 Source: USGS How to Calculate the Density of a Substance So know you know what the density of water is at different temperatures, but what if you want to find the density of something that isn't water? It's actually pretty easy to do! You can find the density of any substance by dividing its mass by its volume. The formula for density is: Ï =m/v, with density represented by the symbol Ï  (pronounced "rho"). There are three main ways to calculate density, depending on whether you’re trying to find the density of a regularly-shaped object, an irregular object, or a liquid, and if you have any special tools like a hydrometer. Calculating the Density of a Regular Object For regular objects (those whose faces are standard polygons, such as squares, rectangles, triangles, etc.) you can calculate mass and volume fairly easily. The mass of an object is simply how much it weighs, and all regular polygons have an equation for determining their volume based on their length, width, and height. For example, say you have a rectangular piece of aluminum that weighs 865g and has measurements of 10cm x 8cm x 4cm. First you’d find the volume of the piece of aluminum by multiplying the length, width, and height (which is the equation for volume of a rectangle). V = 10cm x 8cm x 4cm = 320 cm3 Next, you divide the mass by the volume to get density (Ï =m/v). 865g/320cm3 = 2.7g/cm3 So the density of aluminum is 2.7g/cm3, and this is true for any piece of (pure and solid) aluminum, no matter what its size is. Calculating the Density of a Liquid or Irregular Object If the object has an irregular shape and you can't easily calculate its volume, you can find its volume by placing it in a graduated cylinder filled with water and measuring the volume of water it displaces. Archimedes' Principle states that an object displaces a volume of liquid equal to its own volume. Once you have found the volume, you'd use the standard Ï =m/v equation. So if you had a different, irregular piece of aluminum that weighed 550g and displaced 204mL of water in a graduated cylinder, then your equation would be Ï  = 550g/204mL = 2.7g/mL. If the substance you’re trying to find the density of is a liquid, you can simply pour the liquid into the graduated cylinder and see what its volume is, then calculate density from there. Calculating the Density of a Liquid With a Hydrometer If you’re trying to calculate the density of a liquid, you also can do so by using an instrument known as a hydrometer. A hydrometer looks like a thermometer with a large bulb at one end to make it float. To use one, you simply gently lower the hydrometer into the liquid until the hydrometer is floating on its own. Find which part of the hydrometer is right at the surface of the liquid and read the number on the side of the hydrometer. That’ll be the density. Hydrometers float lower in less dense liquids and higher in more dense liquids. Summary: What Is the Density of Water? Water density is typically rounded to 1 g/cm3 or 1000 kg/m3, unless you are doing very exact calculations or conducting an experiment in extreme temperatures. Water’s density changes depending on the temperature, so if you’re doing an experiment close to or past water’s boiling or freezing point, you’ll need to use a different value to take into account the change in density. Both steam and ice are less dense than water. The equation for density is Ï =m/v. In order to measure the density of a substance, you can calculate a regularly-shaped object’s volume and proceed from there, measure the volume of a liquid or how much liquid an irregular object displaces in a graduated cylinder, or use a hydrometer to measure the density of a liquid. What's Next? Now that you know why water's density is unique, but what about its other characteristics? Find out why the specific heat of water is special. Looking for other physics-related topics? We'll teach you how to calculate acceleration with these three essential formulas and give you two simple examples of the law of conservation of mass. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa). Are you studying clouds in your science class? Get help identifying the different types of clouds with our expert guide. Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you.

How to Throw an Unforgettable College Dorm Party

How to Throw an Unforgettable College Dorm Party One of the biggest rites of passage for college students is to throw a completely unforgettable college dorm party. What better way to celebrate an occasion or simply kick off some steam from the stresses of college than to let loose with your friends – and everyone else they brought along. If you’re strapped for ideas we’ve got you covered with the main essentials to throwing a party that no one will forget. Logistics Time The first thing you should be is pick a date and time that won’t interfere with anything else big on campus. For example, if there’s a huge bar crawl happening, don’t try to throw a party on the same night. Throwing a party as a go-to spot after a sporting event might be a good springboard for your party, but do your best not to conflict with other parties and events on campus. Promotion Next, start promoting! There’s no party without people. Grab your phone and make the call known on social media. Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat (if you haven’t deleted your app) are the best ways to reach classmates (because who uses Facebook anymore). Feel free to start a hashtag with your room number or address and post the deets to your story. If you’re not feeling an invite-yourself situation post and invite those interested to DM you so you can have more control over who shows up to your epic party. Guests Make sure you don’t just invite girls or guys, there needs to be a good mix of both so invite as many girls as you can because they always bring friends and do the same with guys. Gather up as many as possible. Speaking of who shows up, you’re going to get some randos and tag-a-longs. That comes with the territory of being an awesome party host. People will hear through the grapevine, someone will bring their besties from the next college over and that guy you vaguely remember from French 101 will show up and eat all the snacks. Be prepared for everything to balloon – in a good way. That’s why it’s a good idea to keep an eye on your maximum capacity. If you don’t want to get shut down before the fun begins keep an eye on how many people you can fit comfortable in your space and have a friend help you keeps tabs on how many partygoers walk through the door. Atmosphere Compile the World’s Greatest Playlist. That means all the hits, some cool new joints that only the music geeks know about and a few crowd favorites that will take you back to middle school dances. Choose a mix of songs that will get the crowd hype and some that give everyone a chance to relax and just bop to the beat. Also make sure that you save the best songs for the height of the party, you don’t wanna waste your best tunes on the beginning when people are just trickling in. Load Up on Snacks. After you’ve crafted the perfect playlist, it’s time to load up on snacks. Guests love to fulfill their hunger for the munchies with some light fair. You can never go wrong with chips and dip, popcorn, some microwave boneless wings, guac or even candy. Feeling creative? You can make small finger food like meatballs or spinach dip. For the more mature crowd with a sweet tooth try taking a bag of gummy bears and soaking them overnight in vodka or peach schnapps. Buzz and sweets? Sounds like a match made in heaven! Drinks And since we’re on the topic, it wouldn’t be a college party if someone didn’t bring the alcohol. You can make a punch with the alcohol of your choice and punch or simply have beers and shots for the crowd. Make sure you keep some in reserve so you can monitor how much is consumed and keep any underage guests from becoming inebriated. Grab plenty of plastic cups and shot glasses so you’re guests aren’t left having to drink out of the bottle and swapping germs. There’s no fun in that. And make sure you plan to have enough so everyone can achieve their desired buzz. Parties are no fun when someone gets blackout drunk and becomes ill or hurts themselves or others – but the best parties are the ones where everyone lets loose and has some fun. On the flip side, try to stay away from the drug scenetoo many stoned or high people can go bad quickly and kill the vibe of the party. Hosting Duties Let’s be honest, you’ll have a few wallflowers at your party initially, so make an effort to talk to everyone who shows upafter all they didn’t have to! Show your appreciation, even if you don’t know them or don’t think highly of them and introduce them to other people who can make them feel comfortable. Tell jokes, take song requests, make fun announcements, challenge guests to games, you name it! It’s your time to have some fun and push everyone to have fun with you. And once everyone’s let loose a bit everything will seem ten times as fun. Don’t be afraid to play a few games: Drinking games, giant Jenga, cards and more are fan favorites that will get your guests interacting and having fun. You may want to move the furniture around so no one knocks into your lamp and to leave room for people to mingle and dance if they choose. Designate a friend as a lookout/bouncer to keep the party from getting crashed or shut down early. If things get out of hand, this person can get things back in order so everyone still has fun. This person can also make sure the location doesn’t exceed it capacity or break any music rules. Have mixologist, you know that one friend or party guest who knows exactly how to mix drinks. Finally, enjoy yourself! Once the party’s going keep yourself present and emet new people, don’t put a lot of pressure on yourself and see where the night takes you. It won’t be long before everyone’s blowing up your inbox asking about the next party.

Transition Plans for Special Education Students Essay

Transition Plans for Special Education Students - Essay Example 288) and identified a gap in collaboration between parents and students and a variation between reported and actual levels of collaboration. Importance of collaboration, self determination, person-specific planning, and empirical studies for effective transition planning are explored with recommendations for empirical studies on collaboration based person-centered planning for planning and implementation of transition process (Michaels and Ferrara, 2005). The article is explorative of its objectives and its reliance on external sources and scope as a peer-reviewed article identifies its credibility and reliability to inform a new study. Its theme is also consistent with my topic on transition plans in special education and this makes it a suitable source for developing background information into my study (Michaels and Ferrara, 2005). The article is based on an empirical study towards a model for improving transition planning for students with disability. The authors note that while self-determination concept is recommended for effective transition plans, students are seldom involved in meetings for developing transition plans. The students’ interest that would facilitate development and implementation of transition plans is therefore not captured and teachers’ failure to include instruction on self-determination in their course materials is a factor. Barely 50% of the study’s participants reported inclusion of instruction on self-determination in their lectures and they regarded importance of the instructions (Thoma, Baker and Saddler, 2002). The study’s small sample size threatens reliability of its results but its empirical approach and reliance on other author’s knowledge resolves this weakness and develops its validity. It also relates to my proposed study and will therefore offer significant background hypothesis for development of problem statement and research questions (Thoma, Baker and Saddler, 2002). Trach identifies inefficiency in

Comparative paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative paper - Essay Example This paper aims to particularly focus on how the vivid depictions of the Nazi and Soviet crisis in both books have been instrumental in providing global readers a wide-eyed awakening to a path to peace and to a future hope of minimizing global and political violence. To achieve this would mean understanding the rationale and causal effects of the perpetrations of the inhumanity in the genocidal murders and the grueling experiences in the Soviet prison camps, and eventually rethinking whether the same would have been possible were it not for the modern methods that were adopted to further brutalize the population. Arendt and Solzhenitsyn not only witnessed the tragic events of the mid-twentieth century, both of them had first hand experiences of the horrendous fates of the era. These particular events in both their lives have led them to write on Eichmann and The Holocaust and One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich, respectively. Several researches have probed on the questions of how and why the holocaust happened and why of all places did it occur in Germany. The book on the Holocaust provided several excerpts from Arendt's previous commentaries on the trial of this Nazi named Adolf Eichmann, a Gestapo chief, who later history would place as the man responsible for the mass extermination of all the Jews who were held in concentration camps. While many writings have ascribed the root cause of the holocaust to that of the anti-Semitic views of Adolph Hitler, Arendt in her book pinned the guilt to Eichmann, after the arrogant Eichmann himself openly boasted that he would die laughing with the feeling of great satisfaction in having brought millions of Jews to their death. There were a number of cultural and historical issues that evolved from the trial of Eichmann and most were considered either as pernicious to or are erosions of the justice system. Amongst the European countries, it is easily noticeable that in the twentieth century, Germany had the most radical form of capitalism that would in effect, exclude all other socialist labor movements. This fascism has been characterized by anti-Semitism and extreme racism. Due to this inherently murderous ideology for an elect race, the Jews eventually were scorned upon to be an inferior race. Arendt concludes in her book that the hanging of Eichmann was justified for the reason that he had supported and executed the policy of the Reich to be a superior race, ultimately having the effect of being the only ones who can inhabit the earth. The book of Solzhenitsyn sets the story on the Soviet labor camp and describes an entire one day in the life of the prisoner Ivan Denisovich Shukhov. This literary masterpiece was the first ever to openly give an account of Stalin's repressive governance. This book made known that the prisoners in the Gulag system were never allowed to leave the camps despite the end of their prison terms. The theme created in this book focused on authoritarian oppression and the many difficult ways of surviving labor camps, especially from the cruelty of the prison officials. Through Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, Solzhenitsyn has provided the world with the many tragic and traumatic experiences that a prisoner suffered in the

Peace between Israel and Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Peace between Israel and Palestine - Essay Example This is no easy task but acceptance that this will never come into fruition is resulting to a defeatist stance that humanity cannot afford. The peace process is an arduous task that must be tackled with commitment and with realistic goals. The first step towards coming to an agreement and bringing the leaders of the two states back to the peace tables is to ensure that there will be a cease fire among all forces especially stealth attacks and those that would inflict casualties among civilians. This would necessarily entail a neutralization of the extremist groups which must be held accountable for without partiality or impunity. The most important disposition in both sides is the ardent belief that peace can be achieved. This must be built on an internal understanding and desire toward that purpose, otherwise, as had been persistently observed from Israel negotiators it will all for naught. The One Voice Movement offers an encouraging model that peace is not centrally for the benefi t of groups, their interests and their spite. It is fundamentally about the people who themselves have understood that peace is the only way to stop all the fighting and cut the losses while there is still something left. The organization is made up of Palestinians and Israelis in their own land and those abroad through an international unit. This is a grassroots initiative aimed to remind and enlighten the two sides and the international community that â€Å"The majority of people on both sides realize that they have everything to gain by ensuring the independence and security of ‘the other’ and thus are prepared to compromise in order to do so† (One Voice Movement, n.p.). This conflict is rooted among the most fundamental issues that had defined many wars throughout world history. The recognition of religious differences cannot be disregarded in this political and cultural conflict. The Palestinian Arabs and the Jewish Israelis had been battling not only for la nd but also for identity. The 1967 War was a pivotal moment in this conflict. I agree with experts that the occupation of Palestinian lands by the Israeli forces was a definitive moment that aggravated the dispute into epic proportions. The destabilization by Israel over the Gaza Strip and its current notoriety must come to an end. The demand by Palestine over the return of this piece of the earth and more importantly of their refugees had been on-going for decades (Heise, n.d., pp.2-3). In this regard, a major change came almost too close, â€Å"The 2002 Arab Peace Initiative would have provided Israel recognition throughout the Arab world in exchange for a pullout from territory conquered in 1967† (The Associated Press, 2013, n.p.) These kinds of initiatives are what the time calls for. We cannot undermine the reality that external forces are necessary to move closer to that elusive peace. The land over which blood has been spilt has been claimed by both Israel and Palestin e not only on territorial basis but more inherently by religious basis that transcend people and groups. This is why no matter how many changes have occurred through leadership and membership, their idealism remains. If there is something more moving than sheer idealism, it is religious idealism. The emphatic understanding of the call of the people who suffer and who live with the consequences of their leaders’ actions must prevail. In the international realm,

Coca Cola In Egypts Market Marketing Essay

Coca Cola In Egypts Market Marketing Essay The Coca-Cola Company is established in 1886 by the pharmacist Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta, in the beginning it was sold as a medicine. The Company registered its trade mark in March 27, 1944. Nowadays it is spread in more than 200 countries with over 500 brands and 3,300 beverage products. These products include sparkling beverages and still beverages, such as waters, juice drinks, teas, coffees, sports drinks and energy drinks. The top five NARTD (non alcoholic ready to drink) are: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. The number of employees worldwide is 92,400 and headquarter is in Atlanta. The Coca-Cola Company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol KO. The Coca-Cola system operates on a local scale in every country where they do business. It does not own or control most of its bottling partners, its compromises the company and the bottling partners. The Company has more than 300 bottlers worldwide. Coca-Cola manufactures and sells concentrates, bev erage bases and syrups through its concentrate plant to bottlers; it does own the brands and is responsible for brand marketing initiatives. The bottling Companies manufacture, package, merchandise and distribute the finished branded beverages to Coca-Cola customers and vending partners, who then sell the products to the consumers.1 This was an overview on the Global Coca-Cola Company. Lets look to Coca-Cola Egypt as the paper is studying the company in Egypt. Coca-Cola exists since 1942 and has two bottlers TCCBCE and El Nile Beverage Company. The bottling operation ownership for The Coca-Cola Bottling Company (TCCBCE) is: 51% TCCBCE and 49% Coca-Cola Company as for El Nile its 100% owned by El Nile. The entire system has 11,494 full time employees. 1-coca-cola annual report The Strategic business units that the company operates in Egypt are carbonated soft drinks, energy drinks and mineral water. The company recorded revenues of $78,526 million during the financial year ended December 2009 with an increase of 15% compared to 2008. The increase of 12% in revenues was coming from CSD (carbonated soft drinks) segment and 3% from the Mineral water segment. However there is a decrease in the CSD growth rate by 3% in 2009 which was 15.6% (FY 07-08) versus 12% (FY 08-09) the decrease is due to change in the consumer life style became healthier conscious. Egypt juice Industry analysis The non carbonated soft drinks are considerate to have a huge potential within the juice sector. Egypt juice industry is a lucrative market with a value of $/$216mm, it is growing from 11-22% over the last eight years. The industry sales are 44 mm unit cases in 2009. The juice segment expected to grow at 11% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in 2012 while the Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSD) segment is expected to grow at 4.7% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in 2012. Based on retail audits done by the AC Nielsen and Protrac studying the Egyptian beverage market the result shows that the consumer life style is changing and became healthier conscious and they are shifting to the drinks that are healthier. The CSD market is shrinking and other markets are developing. Juice is a lucrative product category that has been growing consistently over the past 8 years. The juice industry depends on farms that cultivate fruits. The different juice type: Fruit-Flavored Drink is a 100% concentrate, Juice Drinks it contain up to 24% Juice, Nectar contains 25% up to 99% juice and product called 100% juice is a product of 100% juice. PESTEL Analysis for Juice in Egyptian market PESTEL analysis is a business measurement tool that helps to understand the external surroundings and market as such the position, potential and direction for a business. PESTEL stands for Political factors e.g. changes in government policies, Economic factors relate to changes in the wider economy such as rises in living standards or the general level of demand, Social factors explain the buying patterns and buying attitude, Technologic factors is the changes in innovation potential, Environmental factors include the weather and climate change and Legal factors major legal changes that have affected firms where they operate. All these factors are used to assess the market. Political factor Egypts political condition is secure and a completely democratic republic is projected within the near future. Egypt was ruled by many countries before establishing freedom and today it is run by a multi-party semi-presidential system where the supervisory power is separated between the president and the prime minister, although in practice the president tends to hold a larger share of the power. Egypts political system presently receives much needed financial support from the US which is helping to develop the country into a new era of optimism. Egypt increased inward investment, creating a rich investment atmosphere. Economic factor The economic environment in Egypt is ready for investment. Egypts economic freedom score is 59.0, making its economy the 94th freest in the 2010 Index. 3.2% increase in gross domestic product (GDP) Per capita to reach $2,161. Per capita consumption of non alcoholic ready to drink (NARTD) will increase by 30% reaching in 2020. Growth is highly driven by stills (juices and water). Juice is the fastest growing category with Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) increase of 11 % driving growth of non alcoholic ready to drink NARTD. Social factor Key factors behind the forecast increase of juice market in Egypt is the new consumer lifestyle preferences for healthier drinks and scare of obesity which resulted a slowing growth rates for sales of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) market. Despite the fact the carbonated soft drinks (CSD) market has remained profitable. One of the main characteristic of Egyptian life style is the importance of family and friendships. Egyptians are enormously socials and one of the importances of their life style is the relaxation time which they spend with friends or families at home, cafà © or restaurants. An important part of Egyptian residents is the eating behavior. The last five years the coffee shops spread very fast in daily life especially in young adults and teen generation. The consumption of juice is correlated to person age. Population is 81 Million out of which 50% are under 20 years. 50% of the population is the prospective juice target (kids and teenagers) because 64% of ready to drink juice volumes comes from 8-29 yr olds skewed towards 8-11 yrs old. Technology factor The juice industry benefits of a huge technology. Its for the sake of both business and the consumer when new technologies guide to better quality products. The industry depends on the quality of fruits that are growing in the country. Juice makers divided their production into two different forms pasteurized and raw juice. Technology helps to retain the properties of fruit the same as its original taste. Juice shelf life is small due to defect that can happen based on environmental climate. To extend the shelf life, juice is pasteurized on the same method as milk which for decades can be considered a middle ground between raw and ultra-pasteurized. The flavor of milk is affected by pasteurization much more strongly than fruit juices tend to be. Ecological factors Juice Industry is depending on agriculture and fruit growth wherever it spread. It is necessary to realize that fruit growing relies on agricultural land, water and suitable climate. Fertilizers used in agriculture can be a source of environmental pollution. Major change in climate occurring due to global warming can impact the farming industry. This leads to a need of integration of farmers into an agro environmental program that needs a support and keeping production procedures in accordance with environmental protection and sustainability of natural process. Legal factors Legal issues involve laws in juice production regulated by Egyptian government which prohibits use of returnable glass bottles. Such regulation negatively affects juice industry as returnable glass bottles are more profitable. Porter five forces model for juice sector Porters Five Forces Model was developed by Michael E. Porter in his book Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors in 1980. The famous book he wrote in his thirties became an international best seller, published in nineteen languages and re-printed approaching sixty times. Since that time Porters Model became an important tool help for analyzing an organizations industry structure in strategic processes. Porter has identified five competitive forces that shape every industry and every market. These forces determine the intensity of competition and hence the profitability and attractiveness of an industry and answer the question of What are the key factors that can determine a business success? The five forces are described as follows: Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of customers Competitive rivalry within the industry Bargaining power of suppliers Threat of substitutes Recklies Management Project GmbH www.themanager.org (figure 1) Bargaining Power of Customers Threat of New Entrants Threat of Substitutes Competitive Rivalry between Existing firms In combination with a PESTEL-Analysis, which reveals drivers for change in an industry, Five Forces Analysis can reveal insights about the potential future attractiveness of the industry. Porters Model is useful tools to determine potential changes of competitive forces. Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of suppliers is described by how much power suppliers have on you in a specific industry or market. A business or a producing industry requires inputs to give a final product such as raw materials, labor, component and other supplies. This lead to a relationship between buyer and supplier provide raw materials used in the production. Supplier is called powerful when he has influence on the producing industry. Lets focus on suppliers in Egyptian juice industry and how much they have power influencing the production of the final juice product. Juice industry depends on many suppliers; sugar, material required in packaging, preservative, flavor and a key player in juice industry is the juice concentrate supplier. Juice supply chain starts form farm that depend on fruit seasonality. The crop of any fruit varies from time to time in quantity and quality based on climate changes and natural crises. This is the main reasons that change in juice concentrate availability pric e and quality. Juice concentrate suppliers are divided in three categories. Suppliers that produce concentrate and use them in the production of final juice product, others that produce concentrate and use part of their production to make a final juice product and sell the rest and suppliers that sell all their production of juice concentrate. Its worth to mention that a big part of the juice concentrate is exported outside Egypt to other countries and one of the main countries who import from Egypt are the Gulf countries. Therefore the supplier power is considerate high because the market is dominated by a few large suppliers rather than fragmented source of supply, supplier customer are fragmented, there is a possibility for supplier to increase concentrate juice prices and there is no substitute to the juice concentrate. To reduce supplier power in juice industry it is important to know what is the influence of outside factors to be taken in consideration to find a place in the m arket. Juice producers make a partnership with suppliers that produce juice concentrate to reduce the power of suppliers. Bargaining power of customers Bargaining power of customers is how much negotiation power the customers have and how much power he has over you in a specific industry or market, meaning how much customer can impose pressure in margin and volume. When buyer has a strong economic power the relationship to the producing industry is near to what economist call monopsony, a market where there is many suppliers and one buyer. In such case your ability to capture a high proportion of the value created will decrease, and you will earn lower profit. Having a few large buyers will have a significant leverage to negotiate price and others terms because you will be afraid losing an important buyer and volume which puts you in a weak position. Buyers have also power on you if they can produce the product themselves and they can play suppliers against each others. However there is a few large buyers and they buy in a large quantities. Meanwhile there are many small buyers that you have greater control over them because they buy a small portion of your sales. Bargaining power of consumer in the juice industry, there are three type of buyer which is the direct consumer, the retail outlets and the wholesalers. 75% of direct consumers for juice freshly prepare juice at home or they buy it from a plain juice shops. In this situation the main competition of those buyers is any plain juice shops or fresh fruit that can substitute the juice product. The juice producer can reduce this bargaining by offering a differentiated product and create loyalty to the brand that offers higher value as the juice freshly prepared its shelf life is limited. The Wholesalers are few in number therefore their bargaining power of consumer is significant due to the number of juice product that they do have on the retails shelf and how do they present the product to the consumer. The retails outlets are many in numbers and they do have a big number of products however the bargaining power of wholesalers and retail outlets are not significant if the consumers are loyal to the brand. Generally the juice industry in Egypt, buyers has more power than the entrepreneurs due to the fact that consumer have different option to entertainment, number of retail outlets that have a several product on self. Therefore the differentiation, creating value to the product and loyalty to the brand is very important. Threat of a new entrant Threat of a new entrant is how easy a competitor can enter into your industry or market? New competitors determents changes in the market environment in terms of gain market shares, pressure to reduce the prices which have an impact on profit and impact on customer loyalty at any time. In term of reaction and adjustment the existing players have a pressure on them. Threat of new entrant depends on barrier to enter industry or market and how the existing player will react with a new competitor. New entrant barrier is economies of scale, the experience that the existing players have which lead to cost advantage, high fixed assets cost and strong distribution channel of existing players. The existing of these barriers protects the existing player from the threat of new entrant. In addition the existent players can react by reducing price or forming a partnership to reduce the threat of a new entrant. Threat of new entrant is considerate in Egyptian juice industry due to high capital cost and knowledge required. Based on this usually the threat of new entrant is higher for the companies that are involved in manufacturing then service. Its not always negative that you do have a competition close to you. Some industry encourage a new entrant specially if they do have already experience in a similar field and they do have a big part of their capital already established such as the factory which just need the production line and having their own distribution channel. Threat of a substitutes products Threat of substitutes products, we give term substitutes to a product that a buyer can replace a business product with another one. What products your buyer can replace your product with? It exists when a buyer can replace your product with another product for the same purpose with a lower price. In such case they can attract a significant proportion of the market and have impact on sales and volume of the existing players. The substitutes product also applies on complementary product. The main factors that can affect substitutes product are customer shift to another similar product based on lower price because your product doesnt give different value from the competitors one and customer have a little loyalty to your product therefore, the threat of substitute is considerable. A substitute threat can be reduced by differentiating your product than the other existing in market and create loyalty to the brand through marketing initiative (TV, radio, outdoors advertisingetc). Following the new live styles trend, consumers became healthier conscious make the threat of substitutes products low in juice industry. The consumption of carbonated soft drinks decreased. The substitute product in this industry can be a healthy product such as fruit juice drink, fruit flavored drink, powdered fruit drinks can substitute the juice concentrate drink and it can also be substituted by milk , fruit base yogurt and mineral or bottled water. Variety of substitutes products are available at the market consumer have an open choices which they can choose whatever suits their needs. However they are not real substitutes products because juice is drunk in different time and occasions. Rivalry between existing firms Rivalry is the competition between existing firms in an industry. In certain industry the rivalry is high and has an impact on profit as you cannot set your own price and it can make the profit to zero. This force might be the most important in Poters five forces as it describe the intensity between existing players. The rivalry is called high when the competitors on a same industry have similar products with no differentiation and they compete in term of price. The market players are same in mass with comparable strategies. Having high barrier to exit the market and when the market is increasing slowly or shrinking this makes the rivalry a considerable force. To decrease the rivalry between existing players you should avoid price competition, differentiate your product and strategies, focus on a different sector and avoid high capacity production. The Egyptian juice market is a fragmented market with many players. Four companies have 50% of the market the rest are less than 5% each. The market is not only splited between the players in terms of market share but also shrinked by products. This means that there is a good chance to enter the market. However, PepsiCo the major competitive to Coca-Cola is preparing new juice launch during the current year. PepsiCo made a joint venture with Almarai Company (extremely successful dairy foods company in the Middle East) and have acquired Beyti well known brand name in Egypt. It produces a variety of high-quality dairy and juice. They are big in size with a very strong distribution channel however the consumer has a law loyalty to specific brand. This situation will make rivalry in the near future. Egypt juice market analysis Lets go more deep and look into the market analysis to be able to determine the juice market sucess . The goal is to be able to find out the market attractivness and understand more about the opportunity and threats of the sector. Key success factors Key success factors depend on two questions which need to be analyzed What does the consumer want? (Here we need to analyze the market) How to face the competition? (Competition analysis) In Egypt juice sector to make a success from the consumer point: Egyptians doesnt make a great difference between artificial distilled fruit beverage and fruit juice they are comparing products in terms of price. Therefore you need to have a competitive price or to build a differentiation strategy to enable you to set your price. Innovation is one of key success factors that need to be present to gain consumer. The consumer has a law loyalty to brands this makes the product availability in market very important. The availability plus the innovation in packages and product range that suits the new consumer life styles will help to build loyalty to the brand. For the competition, you need to be different in product image, have a strong distribution channel to be able to position yourself in the market and to start to compete. Demand Analysis Demand characteristic Following the new consumer life style, the juice market has a high demand based on questionnaire done by MEMRB agency to the Coca-Cola Egypt company here is the outcome. Those that consume juice product on monthly bases dont think it is as strong on Thirst quenching, Good for you, Great tasting and refreshing. However, an improvement on all measures for juice, frequent consumption coming from weekly consumers. Consumer that thinks that they are always doing new thinks shows growth from0% to 7% in 2008-2009 while the carbonated soft drinks shows 3% increase in 2009 and the one that things that uice gives energy shows an improvement from 5% to 9% for year 2008-2009 while the carbonated soft drinks shows a decrease from -6% to -11% for year 2008-2009. The market study also shows that the Egyptian consume 60% of juice drink out of home in cafà ©, shops or kiosks this is the opposite of the carbonated soft drinks percentage. 25% are consumed in morning occasions from 9-12am other than breakfast. Snacking the biggest occasion came with 36% it stats from 3-4pm. Bibliographies http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Coca-Cola_Company_(KO) http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ Internal resources from the Coca-cola Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juice http://www.propertyshowrooms.com/egypt/property/investment/egypt-property-investment-strategies.asp http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Middle-East/Egypt/gdp-per-capita http://www.dairyengineering.com/applejuice.asp http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml http://www.themanager.org/pdf/p5f.pdf http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf